When you knock off the helmet of the Goliath enemy, a skull with dangling eyes and a grotesque, meaty neck comes out of the mouth of what used to be their head.
The antagonists of the game are parodies of live streamers, and the game has additional features available if the player is streaming it.
Checkpoints will also occasionally reference always being able to revive the player "unless you died in a cutscene."
Enemies can lose limbs according to the shot that kills them. If their bodies are shot the bodies will also lose limbs in the same fashion.
Multiple characters have prosthetic limbs.
At the end of the Handsome Jackpot dlc a character has their hand cut off.
No show hanging during the main story, but mentions of hangings occur, and bandit infested areas (including ones visited during the main quest) possess hanging corpses as "decoration".
In the Krieg's Fantastic Fustercluck DLC, there is a segment of a mission where you try and stop someone from receiving shock therapy but ultimately fail. The therapy is portrayed as a bad thing.
In the Krieg's Fantastic Fustercluck DLC, there's a mission where you go through a mental institution-like area, fighting off patients and looking through cells and medical theatres.
A lot of character (friends and foes) die, including LGBT characters. One concrete example is a late game optional quest that involves the death of a lesbian character.