When you see Bayu in a taxi that has stopped in the middle of a wide open space, another man gets in the car. The driver and the other man rob him, and then the man rapes Bayu (nothing explicit is shown, but it is obvious that he is being assaulted and he screams throughout)
Hisae tries to kill herself and her brother by standing in the road and hoping to get run over, but she backs out and the car stops before it hits her brother
A man keeps a young boy locked up in his house and he is shown having bruises all over his body. He is revealed to have been raping this boy, but no details are given.
The creepy old guy that Bayu hates says that he will kill Bayu and raise his daughter until she is old enough that he can marry her (this doesn't happen though)
Spoilers -
Bayu sacrifices himself to kill Nomura, leaving his daughter an orphan. Some kids record their final moments and are implied to be drawn into the cycle.
When you see Bayu in a taxi that has stopped in the middle of a wide open space, another man gets in the car. The driver and the other man rob him, and then the man rapes Bayu (nothing explicit is shown, but it is obvious that he is being assaulted and he screams throughout). There is also a scene when Bayu breaks into the lawyer's house and he finds a young boy that is being held captive, and Bayu says that the lawyer has been raping him.
Graphic head trauma throughout the movie. The woman in the beginning of the movie has her head beaten in by a hammer (graphic, you see a large hole in her head pouring out blood), another woman with a baseball bat (this one cuts away before you see the worst of it) and a man's head is smashed with a brick (very graphic; you see a chunk of his head missing and brain matter on the ground)
During the last act of the movie in the big abandoned building, a man breaks Bayu's fingers as well as his foot. Graphic sounds and visual. There are probably other instances as well but this was the most obvious
Nomura finds a homeless man in the forest who has killed his wife and child. Nomura is implied to kill the man.
Bayu's daughter and Hisae's younger brother are both threatened but never killed.
At the start of the film, Hisae tries to kill her autistic younger brother along with herself, but gets scared at the last minute and they both survive. Nomura challenges her later on how her brother being autistic, it's understandable. Hisae rejects the notion and stands by her brother, telling Nomura to stay away. Nomura gives him a taser at one point and manipulates him to attack his bullies.