Humanity finds a mysterious object buried beneath the lunar surface and sets off to find its origins with the help of HAL 9000, the world's most advanced super computer.
An ape is killed by another ape, though the death isn't extremely graphic and no blood is shed.
Meat is eaten by apes.
A tapir collapses, a dead horse is shown.
SPOILERS During the ending after all of the pretty colors and whatnot, Dave is shown shaking and seemingly having a seizure of sorts temporarily. Only his face is shown
The second time a pod is taken out, Frank is cut loose from his air and suffocates to death. He is shown struggling momentarily but there is no graphic audio
[SPOILERS]
HAL 9000, the sentient computer, has his memory cards and power source cut off. during the entire scene he is talking about how he can feel it, and his voice progressively gets deeper and slower as if running out of battery and eventually stopping.
There are no traditional or intentional jumpscares, but there are a few moments where the music comes in suddenly, or a loud piercing noise comes in suddenly. Neither of these are done to scare the viewer.
No hospitals, but there is a scene featuring hospital equipment (the type that beeps and shows a screen full of wiggly lines to show that the patient is alive).
It is implied that HAL9000 is experiencing the computer equivalent of psychosis/schizophrenia (it is specifically referred to as psychosis in the book, which is almost completely identical to the film), and as a result murders four people and attempts to kill another.
This one is a little hard to answer because characters do change physical appearance, but off-screen, and the film doesn't even hint that they change physical appearances either. Rather, one moment they look one way, the next moment they look different, instantaneous and off-screen like nothing happened.
HAL9000’s final speech while being deactivated is framed much like a panic attack, although he is unable to hyperventilate or speak in a non-monotone voice, which honestly adds to the terror
The machinery ocasionally has flashing graphics on screens, and the ending of the movie *SPOILERS* after Dave finds the monolith features many heavily saturated, quick moving colorful shapes and imagery for an extended period of time (at least five minutes)
While the shaky camera lasts only for about 10 seconds and more towards the end of the film, it shakes with increasing drastic intensity. The camera during the rest of the film is rather smooth or static.
In a sense. When Dave is in the pod at the time he's attempting to retrieve Frank's body, he's looking out the front oval window. But the camera angle is such that he's looking directly at the camera lens, while it's intended to appear that he's looking out of the window. It's not as though he's acknowledging the 'audience' but it appears as though he's still looking directly at the camera lens.