Dog-like enemies will be killed, and your own Dog-like creature can be injured. Your dog creature cannot die, and the dog enemies are very clearly meant to be enemies.
A character does die by committing suicide. We do not see the suicide but it definitely happens, and the game makes a point about it. Our protagonist misses the act itself, you simply enter the room with the body and discuss it.
SPOILERS:
This takes place at the end of File 6
There are pretty frequent strobe-like effects in the game, mostly in the background. My photosensitive partner was able to enjoy the game without much difficulty, so they might not be too bad.
Your player character will occasionally be set on fire visibly by fire Chimeras. The player will pause in a panic trying to put the fire out, and you will take damage. It is possible to die from this.
A character is violently thrown out a window and "dies" at the bottom, although they are revived later. I wouldn't be surprised if this kind of thing happened more often though.
Several characters are addicted to an alcoholic substance/drug called Hermitonic in file 6. A gag has a character have an energy drink addiction that is played like she's alcoholic.
There are several hospital scenes, including ones where characters are gravely injured. File 11 takes place entirely in a hospital where you have to fight many monsters, including this game's equivalent of zombies.
VERY BIG SPOILERS: The ending of the game is kind of a mix of happy and sad. A serious death from earlier is never resolved, and a main character does die at the end. It is very messy, and hard to categorize as really being a "happy" ending.
The opening of the game features several car crashes including a motorcycle crash. Several helicopters and cars visibly crash in extremely intense moments.
At several points in the game helicopters are ripped out of the air by Chimeras and destroyed in fiery explosions. The camera always focuses on these for intense moments.
A zombie-like person is hit with a motorcycle in the first file. The character can be hit by cars on the road, or by falling cars during a few segments.